Can Trees Really Damage Foundations?: A Comprehensive Guide To Planting Trees At Home

Trees can be a beautiful addition to any property, providing shade, enhancing aesthetic appeal, and supporting local wildlife. However, the idea of planting trees near buildings often raises concerns about potential damage to foundations and underground utilities. The good news is that, with careful selection and proper maintenance, trees can safely be planted close to your home. In this guide, we’ll explain why certain trees are safe to plant near buildings, recommend the best types from the Frank P. Matthews range, and offer tips on how to maintain them. We’ll also discuss the importance of rootstocks in ensuring trees remain healthy and non-invasive.

Understanding Tree Roots and Building Safety

A common misconception is that tree roots will seek out and damage building foundations. In reality, roots typically spread out in search of water and nutrients within the top 60 cm of soil, and they rarely penetrate well-constructed foundations. Problems generally arise only when large, fast-growing trees are planted too close to older buildings with shallow foundations, or where soil conditions, such as shrinkable clay, exacerbate root activity.

The key to preventing these issues is selecting trees with non-invasive root systems and moderate growth habits, ensuring they are planted at an appropriate distance from buildings. Modern horticultural practices, such as the use of carefully chosen rootstocks, play a crucial role in controlling the size and spread of trees, making it easier than ever to plant safely near homes.

The Role of Rootstocks

Rootstocks are the underground part of the tree that affects its growth rate, final size, and root spread. By grafting a tree variety onto a specific rootstock, growers can influence the tree’s overall characteristics. For instance, rootstocks can control the vigour of the tree, making it possible to produce smaller, more compact trees that are ideal for planting near buildings.

At Frank P. Matthews, many ornamental and fruit trees are grafted onto dwarfing or semi-dwarfing rootstocks, which limit their size and make them a safe choice for urban gardens or smaller spaces. Understanding which rootstock a tree is grafted onto is essential when selecting the right tree for planting near your home.

Trees and Drains

One of the most common concerns for homeowners when planting trees is the potential for tree roots to invade and damage drains or underground pipes. While it’s true that tree roots naturally seek out moisture and can find their way into damaged or poorly sealed pipes, the risk of serious damage can be easily managed with the right precautions.

Do Tree Roots Really Damage Drains?

Tree roots don’t actively seek out pipes, but if a drain is already cracked or leaking, roots may infiltrate the area to access the water. Healthy, well-maintained pipes are usually safe from root damage. The key to avoiding problems is good planning and maintenance.

Preventing Tree Root Damage to Drains

Choose the Right Tree
When planting near pipes, opt for trees with non-invasive or slow-growing root systems. Trees for smaller spaces, such as those on dwarf rootstocks, are often a good choice, as they are less likely to interfere with underground infrastructure.

Maintain Your Pipes
Ensure your pipes and drains are in good condition and free of cracks or leaks. Routine inspections by a plumber can help identify potential issues before roots can exploit them.

Consider Root Barriers
If you’re planting larger trees or are unsure of the location of your underground drains, installing root barriers can be an effective solution. These barriers help direct roots away from sensitive areas.

Plant at a Safe Distance
Follow planting guidelines and keep larger trees at a safe distance from drains and underground pipes. This reduces the likelihood of roots causing problems.

Reassurance for Gardeners

It’s important to note that the risk of roots damaging well-maintained pipes is relatively low, especially if you choose the right trees and take the necessary precautions. By selecting trees with less aggressive root systems and regularly checking your drains, you can enjoy the beauty and benefits of trees without worrying about costly repairs.

With careful planning, trees and drains can coexist happily! If you have any concerns or need advice on tree selection, our experts at Frank P Matthews are here to help you make the right choice for your garden.

Best Trees to Plant Near Buildings from Frank P. Matthews

Amelanchier (Juneberry)

Why It’s Safe: Amelanchiers are known for their compact size and shallow, fibrous root systems that do not pose a risk to foundations. They are ideal for smaller gardens and can even be grown in large containers.

Rootstock: Amelanchiers are typically grown on their own roots, which means they naturally remain small and manageable.

Features: Amelanchiers offer multi-season interest with spring blossoms, edible summer berries, and vibrant autumn foliage in shades of orange and red.

Acer palmatum (Japanese Maple)

Why It’s Safe: Japanese Maples have a slow growth rate and a non-invasive root system that stays relatively close to the trunk. They are well-suited for planting near patios or as a focal point in smaller gardens.

Rootstock: Often grown on their own roots or on selected rootstocks that enhance their growth habit, Japanese Maples are easy to maintain at a manageable size.

Features: Known for their elegant, finely cut leaves and stunning autumn colours, they provide year-round beauty without threatening nearby structures.

Prunus (Ornamental Cherry)

Why It’s Safe: Ornamental Cherries such as Prunus ‘Kojo-no-mai’ have compact, well-behaved roots. They are ideal for small spaces and pose minimal risk to buildings.

Rootstock: Many ornamental cherries are grafted onto Colt or Gisela rootstocks, which control their size and encourage strong, non-invasive root systems.

Features: These trees are famous for their spring blossoms and attractive autumn foliage, adding seasonal interest to any garden.

Cornus kousa (Flowering Dogwood)

Why It’s Safe: Cornus kousa has a shallow, fibrous root system that is unlikely to interfere with foundations. It is a slow-growing, medium-sized tree that fits well in smaller gardens.

Rootstock: Generally grown on their own roots or on selected Cornus rootstocks that promote healthy growth and shape.

Features: The Flowering Dogwood offers a spectacular display of star-shaped flowers in late spring, followed by attractive fruit and stunning autumn colour.

Malus (Crab Apple)

Why It’s Safe: Crab Apples are smaller trees with moderate root spread, making them ideal for planting near homes. They provide a beautiful display of flowers and fruit without risking damage to nearby structures.

Rootstock: Many Crab Apples are grafted onto dwarfing rootstocks like M26 or M9, which help keep them compact and manageable.

Features: Crab Apples offer stunning spring blossoms, followed by colourful fruit in the autumn, which also serves as a valuable food source for wildlife.

Tips for Planting and Maintenance

  1. Choose the Right Location:
    • Plant trees at a distance from the house that is at least equal to half their mature height. For smaller trees, this distance can be reduced, but always consider the tree’s ultimate size.
    • Avoid planting near drainage pipes or other underground utilities, as roots may be attracted to areas with frequent water leaks.

  1. Select the Appropriate Rootstock:
    • Choose trees grafted onto dwarfing or semi-dwarfing rootstocks for better control over growth and root spread.
    • Consult with Frank P. Matthews or a local nursery to understand which rootstock is most suitable for your specific needs.

  1. Regular Pruning:
    • Pruning is essential to maintain the tree’s shape and size. Remove dead or crossing branches and keep the tree balanced to prevent it from becoming top-heavy.
    • Regular pruning will also help improve fruit production and health for fruit trees.
  1. Watering and Mulching:
    • Young trees need regular watering, especially during dry spells. Water deeply to encourage deep root growth.
    • Apply a layer of organic mulch around the base, but keep it away from the trunk. This will help retain moisture, regulate soil temperature, and suppress weeds.

  1. Monitor Root Growth:
    • If you’re concerned about root spread, consider installing a root barrier at planting time to direct root growth away from foundations and pathways.
    • Check the tree’s root flare (where the roots start to spread at the base of the trunk) to ensure it is at the soil level. Planting too deep can cause root issues over time.

  1. Soil Health:
    • Ensure the soil around the tree is healthy and well-draining. Trees planted in compacted or poorly draining soil may develop shallow, surface roots that can become problematic.

The Benefits of Trees Near Your Home

Planting trees near your house not only adds beauty and value to your property but also offers numerous environmental benefits. Trees can provide shade in the summer, and serve as a windbreak in the winter. They also improve air quality, provide habitats for birds and insects, and contribute to the overall well-being of the environment.

With the right tree selection and proper maintenance, you can enjoy the beauty and benefits of trees without worrying about damage to your home. Explore the range of carefully selected trees from Frank P. Matthews and find the perfect addition to your garden that will flourish for years to come.

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